| 释义 |
work
n
1 [U]
(a) use of bodily or mental power in order to do or make sth (esp as contrasted with rest or play or recreation) 工作; 劳动
His success was achieved by hard work. 他靠辛勤劳动而获得成功.
The work of building the bridge took six months. 建桥工作用了半年的时间.
Years of research work have failed to produce a cure for the disease. 多年的研究工作未能找到医治这种疾病的疗法.
He never does a stroke of (ie any) work. 他什麽活儿都不干.
She was worn out with work. 她让工作给累坏了.
(b) use of energy supplied by electricity, steam, etc to do or make sth 使用电、 蒸汽等的能量来做某事物
Work done by machines has replaced manual labour. 机器生产已经代替了手工劳作.
The work of calculating wages can be done by a computer. 计算工资的事可以用计算机来做.
2 [U]
(a) task, etc that is to be done, not necessarily connected with a trade or an occupation 待做的事（不一定与职业有关的）
There is plenty of work to be done in the garden. 园子里有许多事要做.
I have some work for you to do. 我有些事要你做.
You´ve done a good job of work. 你做了一件很好的事.
(b) materials needed or used for this 做事时需要的材料或工具
She took her work (eg papers or sewing materials) with her into the garden. 她把活计带到了园子里（如图纸或缝纫材料）.
She often brings work (eg files, documents) home with her from the office. 她常把办公室的工作带回家去做（如文件等）.
His work was spread all over the floor. 地板上到处都是他的工作用品.
3 [U]
(a) thing or things produced as a result of work 制造物; 制作品; 成品
an exhibition of the work of young sculptors 年轻雕刻家的作品展览
He was very proud of his work. 他为自己的作品感到自豪.
Is this all your own work? ie Did you do it without help from others? 这个作品是你独自做的吗?
The craftsmen sell their work to visitors. 这些手艺人把自己做的工艺品卖给前来参观的人.
She produced an excellent piece of work in the final examination. 她毕业考试创作成绩优秀.
(b) result of an action; what is done by sb 行动的结果; 某人做的事
The damage to the painting is the work of vandals. 毁坏这幅画的事是恣意破坏公物的人干的.
(ironic 反语) I hope you are pleased with your work you´ve ruined everything! 我希望你对自己做的事感到高兴了--你把一切都毁了!
4 [U]
(a) what a person does as an occupation, esp in order to earn money; employment（作为职业的）工作（尤指为了挣钱的）
It is difficult to find work in the present economic situation. 在目前的经济情况下很难找到工作.
Many people are looking for work. 许多人都在找工作.
The accountant described his work to the sales staff. 那个会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况.
unpaid/voluntary work 无报酬的[义务的]工作
[attrib 作定语]
work experience 工作经历
work clothes 工作服.
(b) (not used with the 不与定冠词the连用) place where one does this 工作地点; 工作单位; 工作部门
He has to leave work early today. 他今天得早点儿下班.
She goes to/leaves for work at 8 o´clock. 她8点钟去上班.
What time do you arrive at/get to work in the morning? 你早晨几点钟上班?
Her friends from work came to see her in hospital. 她工作部门的朋友到医院来看望她. =>Usage 见所附用法.
5
(a) [C] piece of literary, musical or artistic composition; artistic creation 文学、 音乐或艺术作品; 艺术创作
Have you read her latest work? 你读过她最近的作品吗?
a new work on (ie book about) Elizabethan poetry 论述伊丽莎白时代诗歌的新书
a new work by the composer of `Cats´ 《猫》的作曲家的新作
He recognized the painting as an early work by Degas. 他认出了这幅画是德加的早期作品.
(b) works [pl]
all the books written by a writer or the compositions of a composer （一个作家创作的）全部著作; （一个作曲家创作的）全部乐曲
the collected/complete works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚选集[全集]
the works of Beethoven 贝多芬的全部作品. Cf 参看 opus 1.
6 [U] (physics 物) use of force to produce movement 功; 作功. Cf 参看 joule.
7 [U] (in or forming compounds 用以构成复合词)
(a) things made of or (the skill of) making things in the specified material （用某种材料）制造物品（的技艺）或其制成品: `wickerwork
`woodwork * `metalwork.
(b) things made or work done with the specified tool （用某种工具）制作或其制成品: `needlework
`brushwork.
(c) ornamentation of a specified type 某种类型的装饰: `latticework
`paintwork * `filigree work.
(d) structure of the specified type 某种类型的结构: `framework
`network * `bodywork.8 the works [pl]
moving parts of a machine, etc; mechanism （机器等的）活动部件; 机械装置
the works of a clock 钟的活动部件
There´s something wrong with the works. 机械装置出故障了.
9 works [pl] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) operations involving building or repair 建筑或维修的工程: `road-works 道路施工
,public `works 公共设施工程.
10 works [sing or pl v]
(esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) place where industrial or manufacturing processes are carried out 工厂
the engi`neering works 机器制造厂
a `brick works 砖厂 * The `steel works is/are closed for the holidays.这座钢厂假期停工.
There has been an accident at the works. 这家工厂出了一次事故. =>Usage at factory 用法见factory.
11 the works [pl]
(infml 口) everything 所有的事物
She was wearing a tiara, a diamond necklace and a gold bracelet the works! 她戴著个冕状头饰、 一条钻石项链还有一个金手镯--全套首饰!
12 (idm 习语) all in a day´s work => day. at `work
(a) at the place where one works 在工作的地方
Please don´t ring me at work. 打电话请不要打到我上班的地方.
I´ve left my bag at work. 我把提包落在上班的地方了.
(b) having an effect; operating 在起作用; 在运转
She suspected that secret influences were at work. 她怀疑有些势力暗中作祟. at work (on sth) busy doing sth 忙著做某事物
He is still at work on the restoration. 他仍忙著做维修工作.
They were watching the artist at work. 他们看著那个艺术家忙个不停. the devil makes work for idle hands => devil1. dirty work => dirty1. get (down) to/go to/set to `work (on sth/to do sth) begin; make a start 开始; 著手干. give sb/sth the `works (infml 口)
(a) give or tell sb everything 把一切都给某人或都告诉某人.
(b) give sb/sth the full or best possible treatment 全面或周到地对待某人[某事物]
They gave the car the works and it looks like new. 他们把这辆汽车彻底维修了一遍, 整旧如新.
(c) treat sb harshly or violently 粗暴地对待某人. go/set about one´s `work do/start to do one´s work 做[著手做]自己的工作
She went cheerfully about her work. 她高高兴兴地做她的工作. ,good `works acts of charity 善行; 善举
do good works 做善事. gum up the works => gum2. have one´s `work cut out (doing sth) (infml 口) have sth difficult to do, esp in the available time 有困难的事要做（尤指在现有的时间内）
You´ll have your work cut out getting there by nine o´clock. 你得在九点钟以前赶到那里. in `work/out of `work having/not having a paid job 有[没有]工作
She had been out of work for a year. 她已失业一年了.
He was looking forward to being in work again. 他巴不得能再就业.
[attrib 作定语]
an ,out-of-work `actor 失业的演员. make hard work of sth => hard1. make light work of sth => light3. make short work of sth/sb => short1. many hands make light work => hand1. a nasty piece of work => nasty. nice work if you can get it => nice. put/set sb to `work make sb start working on sth 使某人开始做某事. shoot the works => shoot1. a spanner in the works => spanner. the work of a `moment, `second, etc thing that takes the specified (usu short) time to do 某段时间（通常指短时间）可做的事情
It was the work of a few moments to hide the damage. 只需一会儿就可以把损坏的地方遮掩起来. work, NOTE ON USAGE 用法
Job and task are countable nouns indicating a piece of work that a person does.
job 和 task 均为可数名词, 指人做的工作. Job is general and may be hard or easy, pleasant or unpleasant
job 用得很广, 所指的工作或难或易, 或喜爱或厌恶均可
Some people tackle the difficult jobs first. 有的人爱先做难做的工作.
I´ve been given the enjoyable job of presenting the prizes. 要我做的工作是发奖这件美事. It can also refer to a long-term occupation. 这个词还可指长期的职业. A task is usually short-term and requires effort.
task 通常指短期的且需努力做的工作. It may not be voluntary 这个词指的不一定是自愿做的工作
The teacher gave the children holiday tasks. 老师给小学生布置了假期作业. It can also refer to long-term objectives这个词还可指长期的目标
the important tasks facing the new government 新政府面临的重要任务. Work, labour and toil are uncountable nouns indicating the activity needed to perform a job.
work、 labour、 toil 均为不可数名词, 指做工作的行为. Work is the most general
work用得最广: This job will require a lot of hard work. 这项工作要十分努力才能做好.
He´s got a lot more work to do on the book. 这本书他还有许多工作要做. Labour suggests physical effort
labour 指体力劳动: He was sentenced to 10 years´ hard labour. 他被判十年劳役.
Manual labour has become unpopular with young people. 体力劳动年轻人已经不喜欢做了. Toil is formal and is used of hard, lengthy work
toil 较文, 用以指费力、 费时的工作
workers exhausted by years of toil 长年辛劳而筋疲力竭的工人.
work v (pt, pp worked or, in archaic use, esp in sense 7, wrought 古语拼作wrought, 尤用於下述第7义 )
1 [I, Ipr, Ip]
~ (away) (at/on sth); ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (under sb) do work; engage in physical or mental activity 做工作; 从事体力劳动或脑力劳动
Most people have to work in order to live, ie to earn a living. 大多数人均须工作以维持生活.
She isn´t working now, eg because she is unemployed or retired. 她现在不工作了（如已失业或退休）.
I´ve been working (away) (at my essay) all day. 我整天都在（不停地）做著（我的论文）.
The miners work (for) 38 hours per week. 这些矿工每星期工作（达）38小时.
He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一部新小说.
She works for an engineering company. 她在一家工程技术公司工作.
I´ve worked under her (ie with her as my boss) for two years. 我在她手下工作两年了.
This craftsman works in leather, ie makes leather goods, etc. 这个手艺人是做皮货的.
2 [Ipr, It] ~ against/for sth make efforts to defeat sth or to achieve sth 努力反对某事物或促成某事物
work against reform 竭力反对改革
a statesman who works for peace 为争取和平而努力的政治家
The committee is working to get the prisoners freed. 委员会正尽力搭救那些遭监禁的人出狱.
3
(a) [I] (of a machine, device, etc) function; operate （指机器、 设备等）运作, 运转
a lift, bell, switch that doesn´t work 失灵的电梯、 电铃、 开关
The gears work smoothly. 这个传动装置运转很灵活.
This machine works by electricity. 这台机器是电动的.
(b) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth) have the desired result or effect (on sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）产生预期的结果或作用
Did the cleaning fluid work (on that stain)? ie Did it remove it? 这种洗涤剂（对那块污斑）管用吗?
My plan worked, and I got them to agree. 我的想法奏效了, 我让他们同意了.
His charm doesn´t work on me, ie doesn´t affect or impress me. 他的魅力对我不起作用.
4 [Tn, Tn.pr]
cause (oneself/sb/sth) to work; set (sth) in motion 使（自己[某人/某事物]）工作; 开动（某物）
She works herself too hard. 她把自己累坏了.
Do you know how to work a lathe? 你会开车床吗?
This machine is worked by electricity. 这台机器是电动的.
Don´t work your employees to death. 别把你的雇员都累死.
5 [Tn] manage or operate (sth) to gain benefit from it 管理或经营（某事物）（以获利）
work a mine, an oil well 经营一个矿、 一个油井
He works the North Wales area, eg as a salesman. 他在北威尔士地区做生意（如当推销员）.
6 [Tn] produce or obtain (sth) as a result of effort; effect 努力产生或获得（某事物）; 使奏效
work harm, mischief, havoc 造成伤害、 损害、 毁坏
work a cure, change, miracle 获得痊愈、 产生变化、 创造奇迹.
7 [Tn, Tn.pr]
~ sth (into sth) make or shape sth by hammering, kneading, pressing, etc （用锤、 揉、 压等方法）制作某物或给某物定形
work gold, iron, etc 打制金器、 铁器等
work clay, ie knead it with water 捏黏土
work dough, ie when making bread 揉面团
work the mixture into a paste 把这种混合物调成糊状
iron worked into ingots 铸成锭的铁. Cf 参看 wrought.
8 [Tn, Tn.pr]
~ sth (on sth) make sth by stitching; embroider sth 缝制或 制某物
work (a design on) a cushion-cover 缝制软垫的套（把图案 在软垫的套上）
work one´s initials on a handkerchief把自己名字的首字母 在手绢儿上.
9 [I] (of yeast) ferment （指酵）发酵.
10 [I] (of sb´s features) move violently; twitch （指人的五官）抽动, 扭曲
His lips worked as he tried to swallow the food. 他使劲儿把食物咽下去, 嘴唇都扭曲起来.
Her face worked as she stared at him in terror. 她惊恐地注视著他, 脸也吓得抽动起来.11 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p]
(cause sth to) move, pass, etc into a new position, usu gradually or with an effort （使某物）移动到、 经过...新的位置（通常指逐渐地或费力地）
Rain has worked in through the roof. 雨水透过房顶逐渐渗进屋子里.
The back of your shirt has worked out of your trousers. 你衬衫的後摆已经抻到裤子外边来了.
Work the stick into the hole. 把棍子慢慢插进洞里.
The story is too serious can´t you work a few jokes in? 这个故事太正经八百了--你能不能插进几个笑话?
12 [La, Cn.a]
(cause sth/sb to) become (free, loose, etc) through pressure, vibration, etc （使某事物[某人]）（通过压挤、 振动等）变（松脱、 松动等）
I was tied up, but managed to work (myself) free. 我被捆绑起来, 但设法挣脱开了.
The screw worked (itself) loose. 那个螺丝钉松了.
There´s a piece of wood jammed under the door can you work it clear? 有块木头挤在门下面了--你能把它弄掉吗?
13 (idm 习语) work it, things, etc (infml 口) arrange matters 把事情办成
Can you work it so that we get free tickets? 你能不能给我们弄几张免费票?
How did you work that? 你是怎麽办成的? (For other idioms containing work see entries for ns, etc 与work搭配的其他习语见有关名词等的词条, 如 work to rule => rule; work one´s way => way1.) 14 (phr v) work around/round to sth/sb gradually approach (a topic, subject, etc) 逐渐接近（一话题、 问题等）
It was a long time before he worked around to what he really wanted to say. 他说了半天才绕到他真正要说的问题上来.
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